Thalassemia is a group of inherited blood disorders characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. In individuals with thalassemia, the body produces fewer healthy red blood cells and less hemoglobin than normal, leading to anemia and other health problems.

There are two main types of thalassemia: alpha thalassemia and beta thalassemia. Each type has different subtypes and severity levels.

Symptoms of thalassemia can vary depending on the type and severity but may include fatigue, weakness, pale or yellowish skin, bone deformities, and an enlarged spleen.

Treatment for thalassemia depends on the type and severity of the disorder. It may include blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy to remove excess iron from the body, folic acid supplements, and, in some cases, bone marrow or stem cell transplantation.