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Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, which is part of the body's immune system. The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, and bone marrow. Lymphoma occurs when lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, undergo abnormal growth and multiply uncontrollably.
There are two main types of lymphoma:
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by the presence of a specific type of abnormal cell called Reed-Sternberg cells. It can affect lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues. Hodgkin lymphoma is often distinguished from other types of lymphoma by the presence of these cells under a microscope. Symptoms may include painless swelling of lymph nodes, fever, weight loss, night sweats, and itching.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL): Non-Hodgkin lymphoma encompasses a diverse group of lymphomas that do not contain Reed-Sternberg cells. There are many subtypes of NHL, each with its own characteristics and treatment options. NHL can occur in various parts of the body, including lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and other organs. Symptoms can vary depending on the subtype and location of the lymphoma but may include swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, and abdominal pain.
Treatment for lymphoma depends on the type, stage, and other individual factors such as age and overall health. Common treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplantation. The outlook for lymphoma varies depending on these factors, but many people with lymphoma can achieve remission or long-term control of the disease with appropriate treatment and follow-up care.
