Leukemia: BMT is often used as a treatment for leukemia, a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. It involves replacing diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells to restore normal blood cell production.

Lymphoma: BMT can be used in certain cases of lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphatic system, especially if the disease has relapsed or if high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy is needed.

Multiple Myeloma: BMT may be used as part of the treatment for multiple myeloma, a cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow, particularly in younger patients or those with aggressive disease.

Solid Tumors: In some cases, particularly with certain pediatric solid tumors or neuroblastoma, high-dose chemotherapy followed by BMT may be used to help eradicate cancer cells and restore bone marrow function.

Aplastic Anemia: BMT is a potential treatment for aplastic anemia, a condition where the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Thalassemia: BMT can be considered for severe cases of thalassemia, particularly in younger patients, as it offers the potential for a cure by replacing the faulty bone marrow with healthy stem cells capable of producing normal blood cells.

Sickle Cell Disease: BMT is being explored as a potential cure for sickle cell disease, a genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin production, though it's currently used primarily in severe cases or clinical trials.

Immunological: Immunological refers to the study of the body's immune system, including its response to pathogens, foreign substances, and disorders such as autoimmune diseases. Understanding immunological processes is crucial for developing treatments like immunotherapy and managing conditions like allergies, infections, and hematological disorders.

Metabolic Disorders: Metabolic disorders involve disruptions in normal chemical processes that affect energy production, growth, and overall health. Examples include diabetes mellitus, where the body has trouble regulating blood sugar levels, and phenylketonuria (PKU), a genetic disorder affecting the metabolism of amino acids. Treatment often involves dietary management and medication.