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Leukemia (ALL, AML, APML)
Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, where blood cells are produced. There are different types of leukemia, but they all involve the abnormal proliferation of immature blood cells.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): This type of leukemia affects lymphoid cells, which are a type of white blood cell responsible for fighting infections. ALL progresses rapidly, and it is more common in children, although it can also occur in adults. Symptoms may include fatigue, fever, easy bruising or bleeding, bone pain, and frequent infections.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML): AML affects myeloid cells, which are another type of white blood cell responsible for fighting infections and producing other blood cells, including red blood cells and platelets. AML progresses quickly and is more common in adults, although it can also occur in children. Symptoms are similar to ALL and may include fatigue, fever, easy bruising or bleeding, and frequent infections.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML): APML is a subtype of AML characterized by a specific genetic abnormality involving a translocation between chromosomes. This subtype has unique features and requires specialized treatment. APML can cause symptoms similar to other types of leukemia, including fatigue, bleeding, and susceptibility to infections.
Treatment for leukemia depends on the specific type and subtype, as well as individual factors such as age and overall health. Common treatments include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplantation. With advancements in treatment, many people with leukemia are able to achieve remission or long-term control of the disease. However, ongoing monitoring and follow-up care are important to manage potential side effects and prevent relapse.
